The United States stands apart from the rest of the Western world in
terms of what can be called cultural conservatism. As has often been
noticed, Americans profess religious beliefs and attend church far more than
most other Westerners, and the United States is almost the only Western
country where issues such as abortion and homosexual "marriage" are still
seriously debated, where, depending on who is in office, public policy
actually embodies traditional moral principles. Religion is a respectable
subject in America, much talked about in public.
One way of looking at this is to say that the United States is less
liberal than other nations, more wedded to "outmoded" ideas. However, it is
hard to understand why, since sociologists have been saying for a century
that modern technological society inevitably undermines traditional beliefs
and ways of life. Why should the world¹s most technologically advanced
nation be more traditional-minded than other countries which are not as far
along on the curve of modernity?
But if the United States can in one sense be considered less liberal
than, for example, Canada, in another sense it remains firmly liberal, even
as other Western nations seem ready to cut the heart out of what liberalism
has always meant.
In Canada writers and editors have been fined for expressing certain
ideas and courts have even censored publications in advance. In several
European countries clergy have been prosecuted for things said from the
pulpit. (In Belgium this treatment has been threatened against a priest who
was recently made a cardinal.) In Ireland a "civil rights" organization
proposes to bring charges against Pope John Paul II, and the newly
established International Criminal Court (which the United States does not
support) is available for just such purposes.
These prosecutions charge the defendants with "hate crimes," usually
involving disapproval of homosexuality or speaking less than respectfully
about other people¹s religion, particularly Islam. As yet the American
courts have not restricted freedom in this way, which is why we remain a
more liberal nation than many others.
But it is quite amazing that "enlightened" opinion in the United States
has not sounded the alarm at what is going on elsewhere, which is nothing
less than a systematic repeal of that freedom of expression which has been
the bedrock of liberal society for 200 years. Quite obviously, fashionable
opinion-makers in America see nothing to be alarmed about. Some of them look
forward to the day when the same repression of liberty can be implemented
here.
The concept of a "hate crime" is dubious since it is often hard to
determine people’s motives and any illegal act committed out of hatred is
already a crime and can be prosecuted as such. If we must recognize "hate
crimes," it is crucial that a wide line be drawn between criminal actions
and mere expressions of opinion, and it is precisely that line which most
Western nations seem now in the process of erasing.
Traditional liberalism was passionate about this – "I disapprove of what
you say, but I will fight to the death your right to say it." Before
expressions of opinion can be prosecuted, courts have usually demanded clear
proof that the words led directly to illegal actions and were intended to do
so. Liberals have long condemned those court decisions which punished merely
unpopular ideas.
Now liberal opinion seems willing to draw a straight line between a
physical assault on a homosexual and a clergyman¹s preaching that
homosexuality is unnatural. It should be noticed that these "hate crimes"
are selective. No one, as far as I know, has been prosecuted for saying
things against orthodox Christianity.
Traditionalists have long warned that a society cannot endure without a
moral consensus at its core, something which liberals have often denied. The
move to prosecute "hate crimes" proves the traditionalists right. As someone
has cynically noticed, "tolerance" is something which people demand for
themselves while in the process of moving to impose a new orthodoxy, which
is precisely what is now happening throughout much of the Western world.
Hitchcock is a professor of history at St. Louis University.