WASHINGTON — Although Christmas this year is the day after the
fourth Sunday of Advent, Catholics
looking to count a Sunday evening Mass Dec. 24 for both that Sunday
obligation and Monday's Christmas Mass obligation will have to think again.
The U.S. bishops already saw this coming at the beginning of the
year and said Catholics should attend separate Masses for the two days.
A newsletter issued in February by the U.S. Conference of
Catholic Bishops' Committee on Divine Worship noted that a
"two-for-one" Mass cannot occur in the very rare circumstances when
two of the six holy days of obligation — the feast of the Immaculate Conception
or Christmas — fall the day before or after Sunday.
"When consecutive obligations occur on Saturday-Sunday or
Sunday-Monday, the faithful must attend Mass twice to fulfill two separate
obligations," the committee said.
The reason Catholics might consider the idea of receiving
dispensation from a Monday Mass likely stems from the U.S. bishops' vote in
1991 to lift the obligation to attend Mass on holy days of obligation that fall
on Saturdays or Mondays. But that vote was only for three of the six holy days:
the feast of Mary, Mother of God, Jan. 1; the feast of the Assumption, Aug. 15;
and the feast of All Saints, Nov. 1.
This does not apply to Christmas and the feast of the Immaculate
Conception, which is Dec. 8. Most dioceses have transferred observance of the
feast of the Ascension from the Thursday 40 days after Easter to the following
Sunday.
The committee's newsletter offers a nuanced explanation of the
required Mass attendance on holy days falling before or after Sundays, noting
that a "dubium," which is Latin for a request for clarification,
about the possibility of "simultaneous fulfillment of obligations was
answered in the negative by the Sacred Congregation for the Clergy and approved
by Blessed Pope Paul VI in 1970." The committee notes that this
clarification was not issued as a conclusive and authoritative interpretation,
but it has weight since it was backed by the Vatican and the pope.
The divine worship committee also holds out hope that Catholics
would want to go to Mass two days in a row, saying: "It would be hoped, of
course, that Catholics foster a love for the sacred liturgy and hold a desire
to celebrate the holy days as fully as is reasonably possible."
There also is the tiniest amount of wiggle room. The committee
acknowledges that situations arise where fulfilling Mass obligations on
consecutive days is either impractical or impossible for an individual or a
family and in these cases pastors can grant individual dispensations.
Similarly, diocesan bishops "may examine their regional circumstances and
grant general dispensations or commutations, while permitting their pastors to
make judgments in individual cases," the committee said, but such judgment
calls are exceptions to the general rule.
The bishops' committee also has looked ahead to when this will
happen again. In the next 12 years, Christmas will fall either on a Saturday or
a Monday four times and the feast of the Immaculate Conception will fall on
either of those days three times.
Paulist Father Larry Rice, director of the University Catholic
Center at the University of Texas at Austin, said he hasn't heard anyone ask
about a dispensation for the Christmas liturgy, but he suspects some will try
to combine the Sunday and Monday Masses. They also might go to the Saturday
evening vigil for Sunday and the Sunday vigil for Christmas, which is OK.
He said the big challenge for parishes this year will be
decorating for Christmas liturgies, especially parishes with afternoon Masses
on Sunday that will only have a few hours to "turn the church over from
Advent to Christmas." Another challenge will be getting volunteers to help
set up churches for Christmas Eve.
Some parishes are moving up the time of their Sunday Masses on
the fourth Sunday of Advent to accommodate the quick turnaround.
Father Rice said the rare event of a Monday Christmas
"sounds to me like an opportunity to simplify, although Christmas isn't
generally a time people are looking for that."