VATICAN CITY — From the beach town of New Smyrna, Fla., just a
stone's throw from Daytona Beach, Rich Varano never imagined his unique talent
of sculpting sand would take him to the heart of Christianity.
Varano is the artistic director of the "Sand Nativity,"
a massive 52-foot-wide sculpture made of sand imported from Jesolo, an Italian
seaside resort town roughly 40 miles north of Venice. It will be the
centerpiece of the Vatican's annual Nativity scene on display in St. Peter's
Square.
"What does it mean for me to be here? I think, quite
understandably, it's the greatest honor there is" and certainly the biggest
client he's ever had, Varano said.
The American artist and three other sculptors were charged with
creating the intricate sculpture, which, along with a 42-foot-tall red spruce
tree donated by the Diocese of Concordia-Pordenone in the northern Italian region
of Veneto, was to be unveiled at the Vatican's annual tree lighting ceremony
Dec. 7.
Bas-relief sand sculptures, such as the one to be featured in St.
Peter's Square, are a tradition in Jesolo, which, since 1998, has been the home
of an annual sand sculpture festival. Varano is an accomplished sand sculptor
with 40 years experience and he has organized various international sand
sculpture festivals, including the annual event in Jesolo.
Yet, his artistic journey in sand sculpting began many years before
his artistry would hit the sands of the Venetian resort town and, subsequently,
the cobblestone square in front of St. Peter's Basilica.
"I've been sculpting sand since I was 6 years old,"
Varano said. "My father was an amateur and the beach where I grew up had
good sand."
Varano began as an amateur, too, "until I discovered that
people would pay for it in my late 20s. And within a year, sand sculpting was
the only thing I've been doing professionally ever since."
The process of creating the sculptures, however, is more than
just molding and shaping sand. Unlike the sand castles vacationers often see
disintegrate from a single touch or the occasional passing wave, sand
sculptures are made durable enough to even withstand light rain through a
process of compression.
The sand, which was delivered from Jesolo to St. Peter's Square
in massive trucks, is mixed with water and compressed into layers of blocks
stacked on top of one another.
Varano said that this process allows for the sculpture to last
"indefinitely as long as it wants to be left on display." The
"Sand Nativity" scene and tree will remain in St. Peter's Square
until the feast of the Baptism of the Lord Jan. 13.
"It's like a tiered cake going upward and when you get to
the top, you're finished," Varano said. "Then it can be sculpted
immediately; it's suitable to carve right away."
Unlike sculpting harder materials such as marble, which artists
can work on at any given part, sand sculpting begins from the top. The artists
must ensure their artwork is finished before continuing downward.
"You don't carve something below first because if you try to
go above, it affects what's below. So, it's a process, like a scanning, from
the top down to finish."
Another important aspect, he added, is the composition of the
sand, which needs to hold enough moisture to allow it to be sculpted and
subsequently "stay in its shape and dry like a mud pie in the sun."
"Really, the only difference that separates us as
professionals and people that play on the beach doing it is that we understand
the basics of why sand sticks or, more importantly, why it doesn't stick,"
Varano explained.
Of the 20 artists he works with creating sand sculptures at the
annual Jesolo Sand Festival, Varano selected three of his top sculptors not just
for their talent, but also "for their ability to work well together,
(which) is kind of critical."
"This piece is over 700 tons but, with 15 days, it still
needs to be done in a way that everyone can work productively and stay out of
each other's way and help each other," he said. "So, this team is
very well versed in that; they're used to working with each other, not just
here in Italy, but around the world. So, it's a good fit."
Varano and his team have created sand Nativity scenes for the
past 17 years in Jesolo, which allowed them to flesh out different more
elaborate pieces that told various stories, such as "a day in the life in
Bethlehem" and ending with the "crescendo piece" of Christ's
birth.
However, the sand art piece in St. Peter's Square will feature
the "basic, iconic and traditional scene" complete with "the
angel with Jesus, Joseph and Mary and then the three kings on one side, the
(shepherd) and the sheep on the other side and, of course, the donkey and the
ox."
Nevertheless, for Varano, the intricate planning and subsequent
labor that goes into creating one of the most unique art pieces to feature in
St. Peter's Square is worth the effort.
"A lot of expense goes (into) it to bring joy to people. To
be able to do the kind of work that we do that is joyful for us and brings joy
to others, it can't be beat," Varano said. "And to do it in a place
like this, there really aren't words to convey how special it is."